Thanks to the University of Maryland/Maryland Grows this informative article on comparing termites and carpenter ants.

Wood-damaging insect pests are a concern for anyone who lives in a structure made of wood. So it’s not surprising that we get several samples of insects for identification at our county offices.

Pests can damage wood by eating, excavating, or using it for their homes or galleries. Damage to foundational components can be especially alarming and expensive to fix.

Q. What are some physical differences between a carpenter ant and a termite that can be seen with the naked eye? 

• Antennae – straight or elbowed?
  • Ants have elbowed antennae
  • Termites have straight antennae
    
• Wing length – same length or is the front set longer?
  • Winged termites have wings that are much longer than the body and are of equal length
  • Winged ants have wings of different lengths
• Pinched or narrow waist versus one long segment?
  • Ants have a narrow or pinched waist
  • Termites have bodies that are all the same width

Q. Is there a difference in the damage caused by carpenter ants and termites?

Yes. Both can compromise the structural integrity of a building but the actual damage is going to be different. Carpenter ants make galleries and excavate damp or moisture-compromised lumber to make their colonies. Termites eat the lumber and live in tunnels that they make. 

Q. What are the similarities between termites and carpenter ants?

• Both are social insects that live in large complex colonies. 
• Both carpenter ants and termites are attracted to moisture, so be sure to fix any drainage issues that would create a wet environment.

Q. Does landscape mulch lead to termites in your home?

The short answer is no; however, mulched areas may be more attractive to termite activity because of the increased moisture.

Here are some suggestions for protecting your home offered by the University of Kentucky.

1. Try to prevent the wooden foundation from coming into direct contact with the soil. Also, prevent tree limbs from touching your roof, as this gives insects an easy pathway from the soil to your home. 
2. Do not let moisture accumulate near the foundation. Divert drains and downspouts away from the foundation, as well as lawn sprinkler or other irrigation systems. 
3. Reduce and eliminate excess moisture and humidity around the foundation of your home including both basements or crawl spaces. 
4. Never store firewood or debris against foundations or inside the home. 
5. Use mulch sparingly, especially up against the foundation. 

If you are looking for information on how to treat or prevent termite infestations, Mississippi State University Extension has all the details in its Methods of Termite Control. 

Remember that both these insects can be nuisance pests when they invade your home or other buildings; however, in nature, they are responsible for helping to break down stumps, fallen trees, and other debris. They also serve as a valuable protein source for birds and other small carnivores. So when possible, appreciate the value that they bring to your local ecosystem and food web.  

For all the details on termites and carpenter ants, visit the Home and Garden Information Center webpage. 

By Ashley Bodkins, Senior Agent Associate and Master Gardener Coordinator, Garrett County, Maryland. Read more posts by Ashley.

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